Protein Electrophoresis (Serum/Plasma)

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test to check for abnormal protein levels in your blood. Common reasons include evaluating kidney function, diagnosing multiple myeloma or other cancers, or assessing liver disease. It can also help identify conditions like amyloidosis or immune system disorders.

What to Expect During the Test

You’ll have a small needle inserted into a vein in your arm. Blood will be drawn into a tube, and the sample will be sent to a lab for analysis. The process usually takes a few minutes. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your specific test instructions.

Types of Proteins Measured

The test separates blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each zone reflects different protein functions, such as transport, immune response, or structural support in the body.

Possible Results and Interpretation

Abnormal patterns may show high or low levels of specific proteins. For example, low albumin could indicate liver or kidney disease, while elevated gamma globulins might suggest immune disorders or cancer. Your provider will discuss results in the context of your overall health.