Serum or Plasma Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into fractions (e.g., albumin, globulins) using an electric field. Each protein moves at a different rate, creating a pattern on a gel or strip. This pattern can reveal imbalances in protein types, which may point to conditions affecting your immune system, liver, or bone marrow.

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is drawn and placed in a solution. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate toward the opposite charge. After separation, the pattern is analyzed for abnormal peaks or shifts, which may indicate disease.

Common Conditions Detected

This test is often used to screen for conditions like multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or other monoclonal gammopathies. It may also help diagnose liver disease, kidney disease, or inflammatory disorders by showing elevated or missing protein bands.

When You Might Need This Test

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, frequent infections, or if they suspect a blood or bone marrow disorder. It’s also sometimes used as a baseline or follow-up test for patients with known protein-related conditions.