Total Protein, Serum or Plasma, Electrophoresis, Qualitative

What This Test Measures

Blood contains many proteins, including albumin (the main protein made by the liver) and immunoglobulins (antibodies made by the immune system). Protein electrophoresis separates these proteins into groups called fractions so that each group can be examined. The test described here reports a qualitative result, meaning it describes the pattern seen rather than giving exact numbers.

Why Your Provider Might Order It

Your provider may order this test if routine bloodwork shows unusual protein levels, if you have symptoms such as unexplained fatigue or recurring infections, or if they want to look for a monoclonal protein—an abnormal antibody produced by a single group of cells. It is often part of the workup for certain blood or immune system conditions.

How the Test Is Done

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. In the laboratory, the serum or plasma is placed on a special medium and an electrical current is applied, which causes the proteins to move and separate into distinct bands. A trained technologist then reviews the resulting pattern.

What a Qualitative Result Means

Rather than reporting a specific number, a qualitative result describes whether the protein pattern appears normal or shows an abnormal band or pattern. An abnormal result does not by itself confirm a diagnosis; your provider will interpret it alongside your symptoms and other test results and may order additional testing.