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Karyotype Analysis via Cytogenetic Examination of Peripheral Blood Smear

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test examines your blood cells under a microscope to check for any genetic changes or abnormalities, such as extra or missing chromosomes.

Quick summary

["A blood smear helps identify potential genetic conditions affecting your cells."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
45043-7
Short code
Tzanck Smear Spec
Synonyms
Tzanck Smear Spec
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
22
Ref high
198
Critical range
0.5 N/A – 10000 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
tzanck-smear
CPT
82553
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained fatigue, frequent infections, or developmental delays. It’s also used to screen for conditions like Down syndrome, certain cancers, or genetic disorders before birth or in newborns.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. A simple blood draw is performed, and a thin smear of your blood is prepared on a glass slide for microscopic analysis.

What Happens During the Test

The blood sample is spread thinly on a slide and stained to highlight chromosomes. A trained lab technician or cytogeneticist examines the cells under a microscope to count and compare chromosomes.

Possible Results and Next Steps

Results may show normal chromosome patterns or indicate abnormalities like translocations, deletions, or duplications. If abnormalities are found, further genetic testing or counseling may be recommended.

Reference range

Adult males: 22-198 U/L; Females: 22-198 U/LN/A

Specimen: serum

No special preparation required. Inform provider of any chest pain or symptoms.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

This test plays a critical role in diagnosing genetic disorders, cancers, and other conditions that may affect chromosome structure or number. Early detection can guide treatment plans or preventative measures.

Short name

Blood Smear Cytogenetics

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results from this test?
Results typically take 1 to 2 weeks, depending on the complexity of the analysis and lab workload.
Is there any risk or discomfort with this test?
The blood draw is minor and may cause slight discomfort, but there’s no significant risk. The smear itself is a non-invasive procedure with no lasting effects.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required. You can eat and drink normally before the blood draw, as it doesn’t affect the smear analysis.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy