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24-Hour Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) Urine Test

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the amount of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), a breakdown product of certain hormones produced by the adrenal glands, in your urine over 24 hours. It helps assess adrenal gland function and detect conditions like neuroblastoma or pheochromocytoma.

Quick summary

["Helps diagnose rare adrenal or nerve-related tumors by tracking hormone breakdown products."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
26706-2
Short code
VMA 24h Ur-mCnc
Synonyms
VMA 24h Ur-mCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
urine
Container
Sterile urine container
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
10 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like severe headaches, high blood pressure, sweating, rapid heartbeat, or unexplained weight loss. It’s also used in children with suspected neuroblastoma or other adrenal-related tumors.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll need to collect all urine for a full 24-hour period. Drink plenty of fluids to ensure full urine output. Avoid certain medications that might affect results, and follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.

How the Test Works

After collecting urine samples, it’s sent to a lab for analysis using a specialized method to measure VMA levels. The test checks for abnormal hormone production linked to adrenal tumors.

Possible Results and Next Steps

High levels may suggest adrenal tumors or other conditions affecting hormone metabolism. Low levels could indicate normal function or other issues. Your doctor will discuss results and next steps, such as further imaging or tests.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: This test is primarily used for diagnosing or monitoring rare tumors (e.g., neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma) that produce excess catecholamines. Elevated VMA can indicate overactive adrenal glands or nerve tumors, guiding treatment decisions like surgery or medication.

Short name

VMA Urine

Frequently asked questions

What does a high VMA level mean?
A high VMA level may signal an adrenal tumor or other conditions causing abnormal hormone production. Your doctor will review symptoms and results to determine next steps, such as imaging or additional tests.
Can diet affect this test?
Diet alone typically won’t interfere, but avoid medications like certain antidepressants or blood pressure drugs that may influence hormone levels. Follow your doctor’s instructions for the 24-hour urine collection.
Is this test painful or uncomfortable?
No discomfort is expected. You’ll collect urine at home, but lab processing is standard and painless. If you have kidney issues, discuss this with your doctor before testing.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy