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Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in urine

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the amount of vanillylmandelic acid, a breakdown product of certain hormones, in your urine. It helps assess conditions affecting the adrenal glands or nervous system.

Quick summary

["VMA levels may indicate issues with hormone production or nerve function."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
15097-9
Short code
VMA Ur-sCnc
Synonyms
VMA Ur-sCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
urine
Container
Sterile urine container
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
10 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test to check for conditions like neuroblastoma (a type of cancer in children) or other tumors that produce excess hormones. It can also help diagnose or monitor conditions affecting the adrenal glands or sympathetic nervous system.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll likely need to collect a 24-hour urine sample. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to ensure accurate results, as missing any urine can affect the outcome.

How the Test Works

Urine is collected over 24 hours and tested for VMA using a specialized laboratory method. The test measures the substance’s concentration to help identify abnormal hormone production.

Possible Results and Interpretation

High levels of VMA may suggest certain cancers or hormonal imbalances, while normal levels usually indicate healthy hormone processing. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your medical history.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: High VMA levels may signal neuroblastoma or other adrenal-related tumors, while low levels could suggest metabolic or genetic conditions affecting hormone metabolism. Always discuss results with your healthcare provider.

Short name

VMA Urine Test

Frequently asked questions

What causes elevated VMA levels?
Elevated VMA levels are most commonly linked to neuroblastoma or other tumors producing excess catecholamines. Rarely, conditions affecting the adrenal glands or certain genetic disorders may also contribute.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on lab processing times. Your doctor will contact you once they’re ready.
Can diet affect VMA test results?
Dietary factors like caffeine or certain medications may influence urine volume or composition, but they don’t directly alter VMA levels. Follow your doctor’s instructions for sample collection to avoid interference.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy