White Blood Cell Differential Count (with Microscopic Examination)
This test measures the types and proportions of white blood cells in your blood, which helps identify infections, inflammation, or other conditions.
["Understanding your white blood cell types can reveal clues about your health."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 59829-2
- Short code
- WBC 3h UrnS Micro-nRate
- Synonyms
- WBC 3h UrnS Micro-nRate
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- urine
- Container
- Sterile urine container
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 4.5
- Ref high
- 11
- Critical range
- 2 N/A – 30 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- microscopy-light
- CPT
- 85004
- SNOMED
- 900000000000003002
- Specimen volume
- 10 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 0
- Lipemia max
- 0
- Icterus max
- 0
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What Is a White Blood Cell Differential?
A white blood cell differential (or WBC differential) breaks down the five main types of white blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) into percentages. This helps doctors assess immune function, infection risk, and other health issues.
Why Is This Test Done?
Doctors order a WBC differential to diagnose infections (like bacterial or viral), autoimmune diseases, leukemia, allergies, or other conditions affecting white blood cells. It’s often part of a complete blood count (CBC).
How Is the Test Performed?
A blood sample is drawn, and a technician examines it under a microscope. The cells are counted and categorized into their respective types. Some labs may use automated machines for initial counts, but microscopic review confirms details.
What Does the Test Result Mean?
Results show percentages of each white blood cell type. For example, a high neutrophil count may indicate infection, while a high lymphocyte count could suggest chronic illness or immune response. Normal ranges vary by lab and individual.
Reference range
Adult: 4.5-11.0 x 10^9/LN/A
No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
◆Associated findings1
Short name
WBC Differential
Frequently asked questions
What causes a change in white blood cell counts?
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Can I influence my white blood cell counts?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy