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Serum or Plasma Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood, often used to identify abnormalities in protein levels that may suggest conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.

Quick summary

["Helps detect unusual protein patterns that could signal serious health issues."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
53227-5
Short code
WBC #/area Cvx Wet Prep
Synonyms
WBC #/area Cvx Wet Prep
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.5
Ref high
11
Critical range
2 N/A – 30 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
wet-preparation
CPT
85004
SNOMED
900000000000003002
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Protein electrophoresis separates blood proteins into fractions (e.g., albumin, globulins, alpha, beta, gamma) using an electric field. This helps identify abnormal protein bands that may indicate conditions like monoclonal gammopathy or immune system dysfunction.

Why It’s Ordered

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or if tests for conditions like multiple myeloma or liver disease are needed.

Common Conditions Evaluated

Abnormal results can point to conditions such as multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), Waldenström macroglobulinemia, liver disease, or certain autoimmune disorders.

Sample Collection

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is placed in a tube and sent to the lab for analysis. No special preparation is needed.

Reference range

Adult: 4.5-11.0 x 10^9/LN/A

Specimen: serum

No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times.
What does a normal result mean?
A normal result shows balanced protein levels with no unusual bands. However, even normal results can’t rule out all conditions—your doctor will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet or fasting is required for this test, but follow any general blood test instructions provided by your healthcare team.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy