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White Blood Cell Differential (Manual Count) – Specific Subtype Counts

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the counts of specific types of white blood cells (WBCs) in your blood, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, using a manual method for detailed analysis.

Quick summary

["This test helps identify imbalances in your immune system or potential infections."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
68431-6
Short code
WBC Other # Snv Manual
Synonyms
WBC Other # Snv Manual
Category
chemistry
Sample
fluid
Container
Sterile tube
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.5
Ref high
11
Critical range
2 N/A – 30 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
manual-count
CPT
85004
SNOMED
900000000000003002
Specimen volume
2-5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
300
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Doctors may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions like infections, immune disorders, blood cancers, or inflammatory diseases. It can also help track responses to treatments or identify unusual blood cell patterns.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm or hand to draw blood. If you’re on blood thinners, let your doctor know before the test.

What the Results Mean

The results show the percentage or absolute count of each WBC type. For example, high neutrophil counts might suggest infection, while low lymphocyte counts could indicate immune suppression. Your doctor will interpret these results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.

Common Conditions Affecting Results

Changes in WBC subtypes can occur with infections (e.g., bacterial vs. viral), autoimmune diseases, leukemia, or reactions to medications. For instance, a high eosinophil count may point to allergies or parasitic infections.

Reference range

Adult: 4.5-11.0 x 10^9/LN/A

Specimen: fluid

No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

WBC Differential (Manual)

Frequently asked questions

What does a manual WBC differential mean differently than an automated one?
Manual differentials provide a more detailed, cell-by-cell count of specific WBC subtypes, which can be crucial for diagnosing rare or complex conditions. Automated machines often use algorithms that may miss subtle shifts in cell morphology, so manual counts offer higher precision for certain clinical scenarios.
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Results from a manual WBC differential are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab workload. Automated results may be available sooner, but manual tests often require additional review for accuracy.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required. You can eat and drink normally before the blood draw, as it doesn’t affect the accuracy of this test.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy