Serum or plasma total protein concentration (mass concentration)

What Proteins Are Measured?

Total protein includes two main types: albumin, which helps keep fluids in your blood vessels, and globulins, which play roles in immunity and blood clotting. While individual levels of these proteins aren’t reported separately, their combined effect is measured here.

Why Is This Test Done?

Doctors may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions like liver disease (where protein production may be impaired), kidney disease (where protein loss can occur), malnutrition, or dehydration. It can also help evaluate edema (swelling) or other fluid balance issues.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm. The blood is then separated into serum (after clotting) or plasma (using an anticoagulant). The protein concentration is measured using a specialized laboratory technique, often automated and precise.

What Does a Result Mean?

Results are reported in grams per deciliter (g/dL) or milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL). While reference ranges vary slightly by lab, lower-than-expected levels may suggest malnutrition, liver/kidney disease, or excessive fluid loss, while higher-than-expected levels could indicate dehydration, multiple myeloma, or severe burns.