Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to investigate symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or chronic liver disease where protein levels can change over time.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The blood is then separated into its components, including proteins, which are applied to a gel. An electric current is applied to separate proteins by size and charge. The separated proteins are then visualized and compared to normal patterns.

What Do the Results Mean?

Results show distinct bands representing different protein groups. Abnormal bands or patterns may indicate conditions affecting protein production, storage, or breakdown. For example, a spike in one protein band might suggest a specific blood disorder or disease process.

Common Conditions Monitored

This test is particularly useful for diagnosing or managing conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), Waldenström macroglobulinemia (a type of lymphoma), liver disease, or certain autoimmune disorders. It can also help assess kidney function or detect hidden protein abnormalities in the bloodstream.