Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)
This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using gel electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and electrical charge.
["Electrophoresis helps identify protein patterns that may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other blood disorders."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 36574-2
- Short code
- XR LE AP
- Synonyms
- XR LE AP
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- xr
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What Does This Test Measure?
Electrophoresis separates proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (including immunoglobulins). Each zone reflects the presence of different proteins, which can be abnormal in certain diseases.
Why Might You Need This Test?
Your doctor may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, or other protein-related disorders. It can also help assess kidney function or detect unusual protein patterns.
Sample Collection and Preparation
A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then separated into serum (liquid part after clotting) or plasma (liquid part before clotting) for testing. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your doctor’s instructions.
What to Expect During and After Testing
The procedure is quick and typically painless. You may feel a slight pinch or discomfort when the needle is inserted. Afterward, you can resume normal activities, though you may experience mild bruising or soreness at the injection site.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
Abnormal protein patterns on electrophoresis can signal underlying health issues, such as elevated gamma globulins (often seen in multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases) or low albumin levels (common in liver or kidney disease). This test is a key diagnostic tool for identifying protein abnormalities that require further medical evaluation.
Frequently asked questions
What does a qualitative result mean?
How long does it take to get results?
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy