Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis with bromocresol purple and bromocresol green staining

What This Test Measures

Protein electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their size and electrical charge. The test uses two dyes—bromocresol purple and bromocresol green—to highlight specific protein groups, including albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. These bands reflect the concentration and type of proteins present in your serum or plasma.

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is drawn and placed in a gel medium. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate toward the opposite charge. The dyes bind to different protein groups, creating visible bands that are analyzed for relative protein amounts.

Common Uses

This test is often used to detect conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), nephrotic syndrome (kidney disease causing protein loss), liver disease, and certain autoimmune disorders. It may also help monitor treatment progress in these conditions.

When You Might Need This Test

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or if they suspect a protein-related disorder. It’s sometimes included in routine evaluations for kidney or liver function.