Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative or semi-quantitative)
This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using gel electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.
["Electrophoresis helps diagnose and monitor protein-related blood disorders."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 37961-0
- Short code
- XR Ribs upper-R Views
- Synonyms
- XR Ribs upper-R Views
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- xr
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What Proteins Does This Test Measure?
Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into major fractions: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma globulins. Albumin is the most abundant and moves closest to the negative electrode; gamma globulins (antibodies) travel farthest. Abnormal patterns may reveal elevated or depleted fractions linked to disease.
Why Is This Test Ordered?
Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or recurrent infections. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney disorders that affect protein production or breakdown.
Common Conditions Linked to Abnormal Results
Abnormal electrophoresis results may show: - **Monoclonal spikes** (e.g., M-protein) in multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. - **Reduced albumin** in liver disease, malnutrition, or nephrotic syndrome. - **Increased gamma globulins** in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or heavy metal exposure. - **Unusual bands** that may indicate rare protein disorders or metabolic issues.
How Is This Test Performed?
A blood sample is drawn and mixed with a buffer solution. The sample is then applied to a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate toward the positive electrode. After staining, bands representing different proteins are visible under a microscope.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
Clinical Significance: Beyond Diagnosis
Short name
Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Can lifestyle changes affect this test?
Is this test painful or uncomfortable?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy