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Serum or Plasma Electrophoresis (Total Protein and Albumin Fraction)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the types and amounts of proteins in your blood, including total protein and the breakdown of albumin and globulins.

Quick summary

["Helps identify protein abnormalities that may signal conditions like liver disease, kidney problems, or multiple myeloma."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
24909-4
Short code
XR Should Views
Synonyms
XR Should Views
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
xr
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins based on size and charge, allowing doctors to assess total protein levels and the proportion of albumin (the main protein that helps maintain fluid balance) versus globulins (proteins involved in immunity and other functions).

How Is This Test Done?

A small blood sample is drawn, and the serum or plasma is placed in an electric field. Proteins move toward the opposite charge, creating bands that represent different protein types. This process helps identify any unusual patterns or imbalances in protein composition.

When Might You Need This Test?

Doctors may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or if they suspect conditions like chronic liver disease, kidney disease, or certain cancers (e.g., multiple myeloma).

What Could Abnormal Results Mean?

Changes in protein levels or patterns can indicate problems with protein production, storage, or breakdown. For example, low albumin might suggest liver or kidney issues, while unusual globulin bands could signal immune disorders or infections.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: This test is critical for diagnosing and monitoring conditions affecting protein metabolism. It helps detect subtle changes that may not be obvious through other tests, guiding treatment decisions for conditions like protein-losing syndromes, autoimmune diseases, or metabolic disorders.

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

Why do I need this test if I feel fine?
Even if you don’t have symptoms, this test can detect early signs of conditions that may develop over time, such as liver or kidney problems. It’s often part of routine monitoring for certain groups or when other tests suggest protein abnormalities.
What should I expect during or after the test?
The blood draw is quick and usually painless. You may feel a slight pinch, but most people recover quickly. There’s no special preparation needed, though you should avoid eating for a few hours before the test if instructed by your doctor.
Can I drink alcohol before this test?
Alcohol can sometimes affect protein levels, so it’s best to avoid it for 24–48 hours before the test unless your doctor advises otherwise. Follow their specific instructions to ensure accurate results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy