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Substance concentration of protein in serum/plasma (total protein)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the total amount of protein in your blood, which helps assess overall health and detect conditions like dehydration, liver disease, or kidney problems.

Quick summary

["Total protein levels can signal underlying health issues or hydration status."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
71797-5
Short code
ZPP RBC-sCnc
Synonyms
ZPP RBC-sCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.2
Ref high
5.9
Critical range
2 N/A – 7 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
85041
SNOMED
900000000000003001
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to check for conditions affecting protein production, such as liver or kidney disease, or to evaluate hydration levels if you’ve been sick or have lost fluids.

Common Reasons for Testing

Tests for total protein are often part of routine blood work, especially when symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or unexplained weight changes occur. It may also be used to monitor chronic conditions like kidney disease or liver disorders.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but you may fast for 8–12 hours before the draw if your lab requires it. Wear a loose shirt for easy access to your arm.

During the Test

A healthcare professional will insert a small needle into a vein in your arm to collect blood. You may feel a brief pinch, but it’s usually over quickly. The process takes just a few minutes.

Reference range

Adult males: 4.2-5.9; Females: 3.8-5.1 x 10^12/LN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Total Protein

Frequently asked questions

What does a low total protein level mean?
A low total protein level may signal conditions like liver dysfunction (reducing protein synthesis), kidney disease (losing protein in urine), or malnutrition (not enough protein in your diet). Your provider may recommend additional tests to pinpoint the cause, such as albumin or liver/kidney function tests.
What does a high total protein level mean?
High total protein levels can result from dehydration (losing too much fluid), certain cancers (like multiple myeloma), or chronic inflammation. Your provider will review your symptoms and other test results to determine the reason, as protein levels alone don’t specify which protein is elevated.
How often should I get this test?
Frequency depends on your health status. Routine adults may get it every few years as part of general check-ups, while people with chronic conditions (like kidney or liver disease) may need it more often, as directed by their provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy