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Aspirin: Uses, Side Effects, and Safe Use

Published: July 22, 2026Updated: July 22, 2026

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is an over-the-counter medicine that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation. It is also used at low doses to help prevent certain cardiovascular events when prescribed by a clinician. Dosing and safety depend on your age, health, and the reason for taking it.

Quick summary

Use aspirin only as directed on the label or by your doctor, because misuse or combining it with other medicines can cause serious bleeding. A pharmacist or doctor can help confirm whether aspirin is appropriate for you.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed July 22, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

ATC
N02BA01
Generic
Aspirin
Class
antiplatelet
Brands
Bayer, Ecotrin
Availability
behind_counter
Pregnancy
D
Lactation
caution
Half-life (h)
0.5
Onset (min)
30
Duration (h)
7
Routes
oral
Forms
tablet
Regions
CN, US, EU, JP
Monitoring
coagulation, gastrointestinal

This page is for informational purposes only.

Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or to replace a physician's advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. If you believe you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.

Dosage and administration

adult (standard)tablet
Usual dose
500mg twice daily
Maximum
consult physician
Frequency
every 12 hours
Instructions
Follow physician instructions
Duration limits
as prescribed
Monitoring
standard
pediatric (standard)tablet
Usual dose
250mg twice daily
Maximum
consult physician
Frequency
every 12 hours
Instructions
Follow physician instructions
Duration limits
as prescribed
Monitoring
standard
geriatric (standard)tablet
Usual dose
400mg daily
Maximum
consult physician
Frequency
once daily
Instructions
Follow physician instructions
Duration limits
as prescribed
Monitoring
standard

Overdose information

Important overdose information
Toxic dose: Single dose of approximately 10 grams (10,000 mg) or more may cause serious toxicity in adults
Chronic overdose: Chronic daily use exceeding 3-4 grams can lead to cumulative toxicity over time
Immediate actions
Gastric lavage within 1 hour of ingestion, activated charcoal, supportive care, intravenous fluids
Antidote
No specific antidote - sodium bicarbonate therapy and alkalinization of urine(Alkaline diuresis and supportive care are effective when initiated promptly)
Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222

Special Populations

7 groups
✗

pregnancy

first trimester
unsafe
FDA Category
C
Dose Adjustment

avoid if possible

Key Recommendations

avoid use during pregnancy unless benefits outweigh risks; low-dose aspirin may be considered in specific high-risk cases under medical supervision

Monitor

regular fetal monitoring and ultrasound assessments

Use of this medication in this population requires careful consideration of risks and benefits.

✗

pregnancy

third trimester
contraindicated
FDA Category
D
Dose Adjustment

avoid completely

Key Recommendations

do not use during third trimester due to risk of premature closure of ductus arteriosus in fetus and bleeding complications

Monitor

fetal echocardiography if exposed

Use of this medication in this population requires careful consideration of risks and benefits.

✗

lactation

breastfeeding
unsafe
FDA Category
N
Dose Adjustment

avoid

Key Recommendations

do not use during breastfeeding; aspirin passes into breast milk and may cause platelet dysfunction and bleeding risk in infant

Monitor

monitor infant for signs of bleeding or bruising

Use of this medication in this population requires careful consideration of risks and benefits.

✗

pediatric_age

children adolescents
contraindicated
FDA Category
N
Dose Adjustment

avoid completely in children under 16 years with viral infections

Key Recommendations

do not use in children or teenagers recovering from viral illnesses (especially influenza or chickenpox) due to risk of Reye's syndrome

Monitor

watch for signs of encephalopathy, vomiting, and liver dysfunction

Use of this medication in this population requires careful consideration of risks and benefits.

⚠

geriatric

elderly over 65
caution
FDA Category
N
Dose Adjustment

use lowest effective dose; consider dose reduction

Key Recommendations

use with caution due to increased risk of GI bleeding, renal impairment, and drug interactions; monitor for signs of bleeding

Monitor

regular renal function tests, CBC monitoring, and GI symptom assessment

Use with caution and monitor for adverse effects.

⚠

renal_impairment

mild to moderate
caution
FDA Category
N
Dose Adjustment

dose reduction may be required; avoid in severe impairment

Key Recommendations

use with caution; aspirin is renally excreted and may accumulate in renal impairment; avoid in severe renal failure

Monitor

monitor renal function regularly (creatinine clearance, serum creatinine)

Use with caution and monitor for adverse effects.

⚠

hepatic_impairment

mild to moderate
caution
FDA Category
N
Dose Adjustment

dose reduction recommended; avoid in severe hepatic impairment

Key Recommendations

use with caution; aspirin is metabolized in the liver; avoid in severe hepatic impairment or cirrhosis

Monitor

regular liver function tests and assessment for signs of hepatotoxicity

Use with caution and monitor for adverse effects.

Statistics and clinical data

prescribingFDA
2023

Commonly prescribed since

Value:1899

General prescribing information

drug_classWHO
2023

Drug class

Value:NSAID (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug)

Drug class information

usageMedical guidelines
2023

Common uses

Value:Pain relief, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory

Common therapeutic uses

pharmacologyFDA
2023

Mechanism of action

Value:COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitor

Pharmacological mechanism

Contraindications

Conditions and patient states where this medication should be avoided or used with caution.

Do not use (1)

ABSOLUTEhypersensitivity

Known allergy to this medication or its components

Use caution (1)

RELATIVEpregnancy

Consult healthcare provider for benefits vs risks assessment

Official drug label

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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed July 22, 2026. · Read our editorial policy