Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial medication primarily used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and damaging bacterial DNA, effectively stopping the growth and multiplication of susceptible bacteria in the urinary tract.
Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent urinary tract infections by killing susceptible bacteria.
Key facts at a glance
- ATC
- J01XE01
- RxNorm
- 7454
- Generic
- Nitrofurantoin
- Class
- atc-j01
- Brands
- Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin
- Availability
- rx
- Lactation
- unknown
- Routes
- oral
- Forms
- suspension, tablet, capsule
- Regions
- US, EU, CN, JP
- Monitoring
- —
This page is for informational purposes only.
Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or to replace a physician's advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. If you believe you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.
Treatment and prevention of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli. Not typically used for pyelonephritis or systemic infections.
Nitrofurantoin enters bacterial cells and is reduced by bacterial enzymes to reactive intermediates that damage bacterial ribosomal proteins, DNA, and other cellular components, resulting in bacterial cell death.
Should be avoided in patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 mL/min) due to reduced efficacy and increased risk of toxicity. Common side effects include nausea, headache, and GI upset. Rare but serious adverse effects include peripheral neuropathy and pulmonary fibrosis with prolonged use. May turn urine brown or dark yellow. Complete the full course as prescribed.
Official drug label
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed July 26, 2026. · Read our editorial policy