Opdivo

Opdivo is used to treat multiple cancers including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), bladder cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer with MSI-H or dMMR mutation, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer. It may be used alone or in combination with other therapies depending on the cancer type and stage.

Opdivo is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the PD-1 (programmed death-1) receptor on T cells. Cancer cells often use PD-1 pathway to evade immune detection. By inhibiting this pathway, Opdivo restores the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Opdivo is given as an IV infusion, typically every 2 or 4 weeks depending on the indication. It can cause immune-related adverse events affecting various organs including the lungs (pneumonitis), colon (colitis), liver (hepatitis), skin, and endocrine glands. Patients should be monitored regularly and promptly reported any unusual symptoms. Common side effects include fatigue, rash, diarrhea, and musculoskeletal pain. Prior to treatment, healthcare providers should assess overall health status and discuss complete medical history.