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What is this test?

The 5-HIAA test measures the amount of 5-hydroxyindoleacetate in your blood. 5-HIAA is a breakdown product (metabolite) of serotonin, a hormone and neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, sleep, and other body functions. This test is primarily used to detect and monitor carcinoid tumors, which are rare, slow-growing tumors that can develop in various parts of the body, often in the digestive system or lungs.

Why do I need this test?

Your doctor may order a 5-HIAA test if you have symptoms that suggest carcinoid syndrome, such as flushing (redness) of the face and neck, diarrhea, abdominal pain, wheezing, or heart problems. These symptoms occur when carcinoid tumors release too much serotonin and other substances into the bloodstream. The test helps confirm the diagnosis and can also be used to monitor treatment effectiveness if you've already been diagnosed with a carcinoid tumor.

How is the test performed?

A healthcare professional will draw a small sample of blood from a vein in your arm using a needle. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The procedure only takes a few minutes and is generally well-tolerated, though you may experience slight discomfort or bruising at the puncture site.

How to prepare for the test

Proper preparation is crucial for accurate results. For 24 hours before the test, you should avoid foods rich in tryptophan (the building block of serotonin), such as bananas, plantains, pineapples, walnuts, tomatoes, and avocados. You should also avoid certain medications, including antidepressants, pain relievers, and cold medications, as these can affect test results. Always inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you're taking. Your doctor will provide specific instructions on which foods and medications to avoid.