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What is this test?

Flow cytometry is a sophisticated laboratory technique that analyzes cells as they pass through a laser beam. This test specifically looks at white blood cells (leukocytes) in your blood to detect any abnormalities in their size, shape, and surface markers. It can identify specific types of white blood cells and detect cancerous or precancerous changes.

How is the test performed?

A healthcare provider will draw a blood sample from your arm. The sample is then sent to a laboratory where it is treated with fluorescent dyes that bind to specific proteins on the surface of white blood cells. The cells are then passed through a flow cytometer, which uses lasers to measure the fluorescence and scatter of light, providing detailed information about each cell's characteristics.

Why might I need this test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms suggesting a blood disorder, such as unexplained fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, or abnormal results from a complete blood count (CBC). It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions like leukemia, lymphoma, and other disorders affecting white blood cells.

What should I expect?

The test is similar to a regular blood draw. You may feel a brief sting when the needle is inserted. There is minimal risk involved, though you might experience slight bruising or bleeding at the puncture site. Results are typically available within a few days to a week, depending on the laboratory.