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Abogroupbld

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

A blood test that determines your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) and is essential for safe blood transfusions and pregnancy care.

Quick summary

{"Identifies your blood type: A, B, AB, or O","Critical for safe blood transfusions and organ transplants","Determines Rh factor (positive or negative)","Simple blood draw with no special preparation needed","Results are used in emergency care, pregnancy, and surgery"}

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
883-9
Short code
ABO
Synonyms
ABO Group Bld
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
EDTA tube (purple top/lavender top) - 3 mL or 6 mL vacuum tube
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
0–120 years
Method
Hemagglutination (tube, gel column, or slide method) with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D (Rh) antisera
CPT
86900
SNOMED
365761006
Specimen volume
3-5 mL whole blood (adult); 1-2 mL for pediatric samples
Stability
Room temperature (20-25°C): 72 hours; Refrigerated (2-8°C): up to 7 days. Do not freeze whole blood specimens.
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
1–24 hours
Order
routine

What is this test?

The ABO blood type test is a laboratory test that identifies your blood group. It determines whether your blood is type A, B, AB, or O. This test also checks for the Rh factor, which indicates whether your blood is positive or negative (e.g., A+, O-, AB-). Your ABO and Rh type are determined by specific antigens (proteins) found on the surface of red blood cells.

Why is this test performed?

This test is performed for several important reasons: to ensure safe blood transfusions by matching donor and recipient blood types, to prepare for surgery or emergency situations, to check compatibility between mother and baby during pregnancy, to screen blood donors, and to help diagnose certain blood disorders. Knowing your blood type can also be helpful for personal health records and in case of emergencies.

How is the test done?

A healthcare professional will draw a small sample of blood from a vein in your arm using a needle. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory where it is mixed with special antibodies to see how your red blood cells react. This determines your ABO blood group and Rh type. The test is quick, taking only a few minutes, and you may feel a brief sting when the needle is inserted.

Do I need to prepare for the test?

No special preparation is needed for this test. You can eat and drink normally before the blood draw. However, it is helpful to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, as some medications may affect test results. Wearing a shirt with sleeves that can be easily rolled up will make the blood draw easier.

Reference range

Result reported as A, B, AB, or O with Rh status (positive or negative). The presence or absence of red blood cell antigens determines the blood group.N/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation required. Inform patient that this test determines their blood type for medical records, transfusion compatibility, or pregnancy evaluation. No fasting necessary.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Frequently asked questions

Does it hurt?
You may feel a brief pinch or sting when the needle is inserted into your arm. The discomfort is usually minimal and lasts only a few seconds. Some people may experience slight bruising at the puncture site afterward.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within a few hours to one day, depending on the laboratory. In emergency situations, results can be obtained much faster.
Will I need this test more than once?
Most people only need this test once in their lifetime, as blood type does not change. However, retesting may be required during pregnancy, before surgery, or if you are planning to donate or receive blood.
What if I don't know my blood type?
If you don't know your blood type, this test will determine it for you. You can also find out by donating blood, as all donated blood is typed. Many people choose to get tested so they know their blood type for emergencies.
Are there any risks with this test?
The risks are minimal and include slight bleeding, bruising, or soreness at the injection site. In rare cases, fainting or infection may occur. These risks are generally low and the test is considered very safe.
  1. 1
    Mayo Clinic - Blood TypingSource
  2. 2
    American Red Cross - Blood TypesSource
  3. 3
    MedlinePlus - Blood TypesSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy