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Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 10, 2026

A test to detect the presence of acetone and other ketone bodies in your blood, used to evaluate conditions like diabetes complications and metabolic disorders.

Quick summary

{"Measures acetone and ketone bodies in blood serum","Helps diagnose and monitor diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)","Results are reported as positive (present) or negative (absent)","Elevated levels may indicate diabetes complications, fasting, or metabolic issues","Typically ordered when symptoms of ketoacidosis are present"}

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 10, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
5567-3
Short code
ACON
Synonyms
Acetone SerPl Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
SST (Serum Separator Tube) or plain red top tube
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
≥ 18 years
Method
Enzymatic/Colorimetric
CPT
80378
SNOMED
25106000
Specimen volume
1-2 mL serum
Stability
Room temperature: 24 hours; Refrigerated (2-8°C): 7 days; Frozen (-20°C): 30 days
Hemolysis max
50
Lipemia max
100
Icterus max
20
TAT
24–72 hours
Order
routine

A complete blood count, or CBC, is a common blood test that measures the different cells in your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets, to give your doctor an overall picture of your health.

The Acetone [Presence] test detects whether acetone and other ketone bodies are present in your blood serum. Ketones are chemicals produced by your liver when your body breaks down fat for energy instead of using glucose (sugar). This test is qualitative, meaning it tells you whether ketones are present (positive) or not present (negative), rather than measuring the exact amount.

Your doctor may order this test as part of a routine checkup or to help find the cause of symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, fever, unexplained bruising, or bleeding, or to monitor a known condition such as anemia or infection.

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of diabetes. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, abdominal pain, confusion, and fruity-smelling breath. The test may also be ordered if you have unexplained weight loss, are following a very low-carb diet, or have liver disease.

The test is done with a small sample of blood drawn from a vein, usually on the inside of your elbow. A needle is inserted, the blood is collected into a tube, and the sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis; the procedure takes only a few minutes.

A healthcare professional will draw a blood sample from a vein in your arm. The blood is collected in a tube and sent to a laboratory for analysis. You do not need to fast for this test unless your doctor specifically instructs you to. The test is quick and generally causes minimal discomfort, similar to any routine blood draw.

Your results will show whether your blood cell counts fall within normal ranges. Values that are too high or too low may point to conditions such as anemia, infection, inflammation, or clotting problems, and your provider will explain what your specific numbers mean.

Results are typically reported as either 'Positive' (ketones are present) or 'Negative' (ketones are not present). A positive result may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation/keto diet, alcoholism, or liver disease. A negative result is normal and means no significant ketone bodies were detected in your blood at the time of testing.

Reference range

Negative / Not DetectedN/A

Specimen: serum

No special preparation required. Fasting is not necessary for this test. Inform laboratory of any medications or supplements being taken.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

This test is primarily used to diagnose and monitor diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones due to insufficient insulin. Early detection of ketones in the blood allows for prompt treatment to prevent serious complications. The test is also valuable in evaluating patients with unexplained metabolic acidosis, monitoring fasting states, and assessing liver function. In diabetic patients, regular ketone testing can help prevent DKA episodes by detecting the condition early.

Frequently asked questions

Is fasting required before the acetone test?
Fasting is not typically required for this test. However, since ketone levels can be affected by diet, follow your doctor's specific instructions. If you are on a ketogenic or low-carb diet, inform your healthcare provider as this may affect your results.
What does a positive acetone result mean?
A positive result means ketone bodies were detected in your blood. This could indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), prolonged fasting, a very low-carbohydrate diet, alcoholism, or certain liver disorders. Your doctor will interpret the result in the context of your symptoms and medical history.
Is this test painful?
The test involves a standard blood draw, which may cause brief discomfort or a mild sting when the needle is inserted. The pain is usually minimal and subsides quickly. Some people may experience slight bruising at the puncture site afterward.
How is this different from urine ketone testing?
Blood ketone testing (like this acetone test) is generally more accurate and can detect ketones earlier than urine testing. Blood tests measure ketones circulating in your bloodstream at the exact time of the test, while urine tests detect ketones that have been excreted over a longer period. Your doctor may order both tests for a more complete picture.
What happens if my test is positive?
If your test is positive, your healthcare provider will determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment. For diabetic patients, this may involve adjusting insulin dosage, increasing fluid intake, and possibly hospitalization if DKA is suspected. Always follow your doctor's guidance regarding any necessary follow-up care.
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 10, 2026. · Read our editorial policy