抗炎饮食指南：吃什么、避免什么及其作用

Overview

Atrial fibrillation, often called AFib or AF, is the most common type of heart rhythm problem (arrhythmia). In a healthy heart, the upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles) work in a coordinated rhythm. In AFib, the atria quiver or fibrillate instead of contracting effectively. This can make the heartbeat irregular and sometimes too fast, reducing how well the heart pumps blood.

AFib can come and go (paroxysmal), last longer (persistent), or become permanent. The journey with AFib is different for everyone. Some people feel few symptoms; others notice strong palpitations or fatigue. The main long-term concern is an increased risk of blood clots that can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. With modern treatments and self-care, most people with AFib can lead active, fulfilling lives.

Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms vary widely. Some people have no noticeable symptoms and learn they have AFib during a routine checkup or after a related event. Others experience clear warning signs that come and go or persist.

• Heart palpitations — a racing, fluttering, pounding, or irregular heartbeat sensation
• Fatigue or reduced ability to exercise
• Shortness of breath, especially with activity or when lying down
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or feeling faint
• Chest discomfort or pain
• Weakness or confusion
• Swelling in the legs or feet (if heart function is affected)

Causes & Risk Factors

AFib often develops because of changes in the heart’s electrical system or structure. It becomes more common with age. Many people have more than one contributing factor.

• High blood pressure (hypertension) — the most common modifiable risk factor
• Coronary artery disease, prior heart attack, or heart valve problems
• Heart failure or cardiomyopathy
• Obesity and sleep apnea
• Diabetes or thyroid disorders
• Heavy alcohol use, binge drinking, or stimulant use
• Chronic lung disease or previous heart surgery
• Family history or certain genetic factors
• Increasing age (risk rises significantly after age 65)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis usually starts with your medical history, a physical exam, and checking your pulse for irregularity. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is the key test that records the heart’s electrical activity and can confirm AFib. Because AFib can be intermittent, your doctor may order longer monitoring.

• Resting ECG — quick office or hospital test
• Holter monitor — continuous recording for 24–48 hours (or longer)
• Event monitor or wearable patch — worn for days to weeks to catch infrequent episodes
• Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) — checks structure and pumping function
• Blood tests — look for thyroid problems, electrolyte imbalances, or other contributors
• Additional tests such as stress testing or advanced imaging if needed

Treatment & Management

Treatment goals are to control heart rate or restore normal rhythm, prevent blood clots and stroke, and treat underlying conditions. Your plan is personalized based on symptoms, AFib type, stroke risk score, and overall health. Options often combine medicines, procedures, and lifestyle measures.

Living With It

Living well with AFib means becoming an active partner in your care. Keep all follow-up appointments, take medicines exactly as prescribed, and track how you feel. Many people continue working, exercising, and enjoying family life after an adjustment period. Focus on heart-healthy habits that also help control blood pressure, weight, and sleep quality.

• Learn to check your pulse regularly and note irregular rhythms or very fast rates
• Keep a symptom diary (what you felt, activity, time of day) to share with your clinician
• Stay up to date on vaccinations and manage other conditions such as diabetes or high cholesterol
• Discuss safe exercise levels; most people benefit from regular moderate activity once cleared
• Build a support network — family, friends, cardiac rehab, or AFib support groups can help