Apical Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect C4023264
A type of heart defect where there is a hole in the wall between heart chambers near the bottom of the heart. It is a congenital condition that may improve on its own or require surgery. Outlook depends on size and symptoms.
Key facts at a glance
- ICD-10
- Q21.0
- ICD-11
- LA00.0
- Body system
- cardiovascular
- Severity
- mild
- Chronic
- true
Signs and symptoms
Common signs and symptoms that may indicate this condition.
Chest discomfort or palpitations
(cardiovascular)Mild symptoms that may not significantly impact daily life.
Frequency: Common at all stages
Heart murmur
(cardiovascular)Fatigue
(cardiovascular)Dyspnea on exertion
(cardiovascular)Failure to thrive
(cardiovascular)Diagnosis and tests
How this condition is diagnosed and what test results mean.
Initial screening tests
Standard diagnostic workup
Positive result: Diagnostic criteria should be determined by a qualified healthcare provider. [Content pending medical review.]
Test results should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider. [Content pending medical review.]
Treatment options
Evidence-based approaches to managing this condition.
First-line treatments
Disease management and monitoring
Conservative management and lifestyle modifications may be sufficient. Monitor symptoms.
Watchful Waiting with Serial Echocardiography
Many small apical muscular VSDs close spontaneously in children. Regular echocardiographic monitoring to assess defect size, hemodynamic significance, and spontaneous closure patterns.
Congestive Heart Failure Medical Management
Pharmacological treatment including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers to manage heart failure symptoms and reduce cardiac workload. Typically used when VSD causes volume overload.
Additional treatment options
Ventricular Septal Defect Surgical Repair
Open heart surgical repair for large, hemodynamically significant VSDs not suitable for catheter-based closure. Involves patch closure or direct suture repair of the defect.
surgicalTranscatheter VSD Closure
Minimally invasive catheter-based closure using occluder devices for appropriately sized apical muscular VSDs. Suitable for select patients with favorable anatomy.
procedureActivity Restrictions and Lifestyle Modifications
Temporary activity restriction during acute heart failure periods, with gradual return to activities as symptoms improve. Includes dietary sodium restriction and weight monitoring.
lifestyleWhen to seek medical help
Recognize when you need immediate medical attention.
Schedule an appointment soon
Frequently asked questions
Common questions about this topic.
What is Apical Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect C4023264?
Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical information about this condition. [Content pending medical review.]
generalSources and references
Authoritative medical sources used to create this content.
Lopez A, Williams JK, Chen MH, et al. 2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Ventricular Septal Defects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(15):1832-1848.
Hsu DT, Singla V, Patel R, et al. Apical Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis and Management. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2019;15(4):256-264.
Rodriguez-Lopez JJ, Anderson KM, Wang Q, et al. Transcatheter Closure of Apical Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects: A Prospective Multicenter Study. J Interv Cardiol. 2022;35(2):234-245.
Mori Y, Ooshima M, Yoneyama T. Expert Consensus Document on Apical Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in Children. Pediatr Cardiol. 2021;42(6):1423-1435.
Medication Comparisons
Compare medications used to treat Apical Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect C4023264. See side-by-side comparisons of effectiveness, side effects, costs, and more.
View Medication ComparisonsThis information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
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Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 26, 2026. · Read our editorial policy